White Spot Syndrome is one of the most devastating viral diseases in global shrimp farming, caused by the Shrimp White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), which belongs to the Nimaviridae family, genus Whispovirus. It is a notifiable disease in several countries due to its high economic impact and the extreme mortality rate in shrimp cultures.
WSSV has a wide geographical distribution and affects various species of penaeid shrimp, as well as other decapod crustaceans that can act as reservoirs. Transmission occurs horizontally—through direct contact, cannibalism, and contaminated water—as well as vertically from infected broodstock. The virus is highly resistant in the aquatic environment, which favors its rapid dissemination.
The clinical manifestations of White Spot Syndrome include an abrupt reduction in feed consumption, lethargy, erratic swimming, and mass mortality within a short period. The most characteristic sign is the presence of circular white spots on the carapace, particularly on the cephalothorax and abdominal segments, although these are not always present.
Prevention and control of WSSV are based essentially on biosecurity measures, as there is no effective treatment or commercial vaccine available. Key strategies include the use of Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) post-larvae, strict water quality control, pond disinfection, animal entry restrictions, and appropriate crop management.
Laboratory diagnosis is fundamental for the epidemiological surveillance of White Spot Syndrome. Molecular methods, such as PCR and qPCR, allow for the early and sensitive detection of WSSV, including in asymptomatic animals. Routine testing of broodstock, post-larvae, and cultivation batches is essential to prevent outbreaks and reduce production losses.
Continuous epidemiological surveillance, associated with the implementation of biosecurity programs and laboratory monitoring, is indispensable for the control of the Shrimp White Spot Syndrome Virus. These actions contribute to the sustainability of shrimp farming, the protection of aquaculture production, and the mitigation of the economic impacts caused by the disease.
In this context, the Bioperfectus rapid test for White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) serves as a strategic screening tool to support sanitary surveillance in shrimp farming. The use of the rapid test enables the agile identification of suspicious shrimp or batches directly in the field or during monitoring routines, allowing for the immediate adoption of containment measures, such as pond isolation, animal movement restrictions, and the reinforcement of biosecurity practices. In this way, the rapid test complements confirmatory molecular methods, contributing to the early detection of WSSV, the reduction of viral spread, and the strengthening of prevention and control strategies for White Spot Syndrome.
