Avian Leukosis is an infectious disease of significant importance to the poultry industry, caused by the Avian Leukosis Virus (ALV), which belongs to the family Retroviridae, genus Alpharetrovirus. It is a widely distributed disease worldwide, responsible for significant economic losses, particularly due to reduced productivity, increased mortality, and condemnations at slaughterhouses.
ALV features different subgroups, with subgroup A being the most common in natural infections. Transmission occurs primarily vertically, from the hen to the embryo through the egg, although horizontal transmission may also occur via direct contact, secretions, feces, and contaminated materials. Early infection favors viral persistence and the development of tumors throughout the life of the bird.
Clinical manifestations of Avian Leukosis vary according to age, immune status, and the viral subgroup involved. The most common signs include weight loss, depression, a drop in egg production, anemia, and enlargement of the liver, spleen, and other organs, associated with the formation of neoplasms. Many birds may remain asymptomatic for long periods, acting as silent sources of dissemination.
The control of Avian Leukosis is primarily based on prevention measures and sanitary management, as no effective treatment exists. Eradication programs include the selection of virus-free breeding stock, rigorous hatchery control, biosecurity, the culling of positive birds, and the constant monitoring of breeding flocks.
Laboratory diagnosis is fundamental for the epidemiological surveillance of ALV. Serological and molecular methods, such as ELISA and PCR, allow for the detection of infected birds, including asymptomatic carriers. Periodic testing in breeding and commercial flocks is essential to reduce viral circulation and minimize the impacts of the disease.
Continuous surveillance, along with the adoption of control programs based on diagnosis, biosecurity, and proper management, are essential strategies for the reduction of Avian Leukosis. These actions contribute to the improvement of animal health, increased productivity, and the sustainability of the poultry production chain.
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In this context, the Bioperfectus Avian Leukosis Virus (ALV) rapid test serves as a strategic screening tool to support sanitary surveillance in poultry flocks, particularly in monitoring programs for breeders and hatcheries. The application of the rapid test enables the agile identification of suspected birds directly in the field, including asymptomatic carriers, allowing for the immediate adoption of measures such as segregation, sanitary culling, and the intensification of biosecurity actions. In this way, the rapid test complements conventional laboratory methods, contributing to the early detection of infection, the reduction of ALV spread, and the strengthening of Avian Leukosis control and eradication programs.
