Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most relevant viral diseases in modern swine production, responsible for significant economic losses in production systems worldwide. The disease is caused by Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) and is characterized by reproductive disorders in sows and respiratory problems in piglets and growing pigs.
PRRSV is an enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the family Arteriviridae, genus Betaarterivirus. There are two main genotypes: the European type (PRRSV-1) and the North American type (PRRSV-2), both capable of causing clinical disease, with genetic and epidemiological differences.
PRRS is widely distributed globally, with transmission occurring via direct contact between animals, aerosols, semen, fomites, and the introduction of infected animals into the herd. The virus has a high capacity to persist in herds, favoring chronic and recurrent infections.
Clinical signs vary according to animal category and immune status. In sows, abortions, stillbirths, fetal mummification, return to estrus, and reduced farrowing rate are observed. In piglets and young pigs, respiratory signs predominate, such as dyspnea, fever, cough, growth retardation, and increased mortality, often associated with secondary infections.
PRRS diagnosis is based on clinical evaluation, the herd’s reproductive and respiratory history, and laboratory confirmation. Molecular methods, such as RT-PCR, are widely used to detect the viral genome. Serological tests help monitor infection and assess the immune response.
PRRS control requires the adoption of strict biosecurity measures, including control of animal entry, quarantine, proper production-flow management, and facility sanitation. Vaccination is used as an auxiliary tool and should be integrated into herd-stabilization strategies and ongoing health-monitoring programs.
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome causes significant impacts on swine production productivity and profitability. Losses include reduced reproductive performance, increased mortality, treatment costs, decreased weight gain, and greater complexity in herd health management.
In this context, the PRRS rapid test from Bioperfectus stands out as a practical screening tool to support health surveillance in swine farms. Use of the rapid test enables swift identification of suspected animals directly in the field, supporting immediate decisions such as isolating groups, adjusting management, strengthening biosecurity measures, and sending samples for laboratory confirmation by molecular methods. In this way, the rapid test complements traditional diagnostic techniques, contributing to early detection of infection, reduced PRRSV spread, and stronger herd control and stabilization strategies.
